Crafts, Fabric & fibre, Faxipedia, History, Literature, Natural history, Remedies
The origins and history of linseed and flax
The origins of the linseed and flax
Linum usitatissimum is just one species of the Linum family. Some are annuals others perennial. The original ancestor of our domesticated flax and linseed Linum biienne, was a little wild plant widely spread across Eurasia. It had delicate wiry stems and dainty blue flowers. Way back in history our ancestors would have found linseed amazingly useful. They used its stems for its strong fibres to make string, ropes, fishing nets and clothes and the seeds would have been eaten as a nutritious food eaten like a grain. Later it’s oil became would become useful and the fibre too.
One of the first plants to be cultivated
When man first found linseed growing it would have been highly valued as food and fibre. As a food it is rich in protein and energy. Its fibres would have been much sought after for weaving into fabric, thread and rope. As civilization and technology advanced the plant was cultivated for oil was pressed from the seeds for waterproofing, heating, lighting, wood preserving, paint, and lubricants.
“The most useful Linum”.
As the centuries passed and agriculture developed different varieties of Linum usitatissimum were developed. In much the same way some apples were developed for their sweetness to be “eating apples” and others developed for their size and other characteristics as “cookers” some varieties were selectively bred to produce better quality linen others, with shorter stems to resist being flattened by the weather were bred to give a better yield of seed and oil. Some less specialised varieties of the plant provided both the valuable linseed oil and equally important linen fibre.
Linseed and Flax History
B.C.
30,000
Remains of flax fabric fibres have been found in an area now Turkey.
8,000
Linum biienne in cultivation in Syria, Turkey, Iran.
6,000
First record of linseed as a food. Remains of a paleolithic man found in a peat bog, in an area now Germany. The man had been murdered and his body thrown into the bog, little cakes of baked ground linseed.
2000
Babylonians used flax thread for weaving and the seeds medicinally.
1000
Egyptians using linseed oil for embalming and linen to wrap mummies.
500
Hippocrates used linseed as a medicine for the digestion and as a laxative
23 BC – 79 AD
Pliny the Elder records linseed used in the rations of roman soldiers added to multi-grain porridge or gruel.
800
Emperor Charlemagne decrees the people of France were to grow and consume linseed for their health.
1600
Nicholas Culpeper, herbalist, mentions “cold-drawn” linseed oil as a treatment for many conditions including inflammation, tumours, chest infections and abscesses.
1850
Lino production started in Staines Middlesex UK.
1940
Flax project in the UK, growing flax for fibre for the war effort. Used for parachute harnesses and clothing
1950
Start of the modern era of using linseed as a functional food for health Johanna Budwig developed Budwig Protocol including a diet which combines cold-pressed linseed (flaxseed) oil with cottage cheese, juices and other natural foods for treatment of arthritis, cancer, diabetes, digestion, infertility, heart disease and multiple sclerosis. A similar diet high cold-pressed linseed (flaxseed) oil was prescribed by Dr Catherine Kousmine.